It is a potent pyrogen causing fever by direct action or by stimulation of interleukin-1 secretion.
These proinflammatory cytokines are thought to be the potent pyrogens inducing fever, and the magnitude of febrile response correlates with the level of virus shedding in human and animals [ 26].
Proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines are potent pyrogens, and high fever was more frequent in severely or critically ill patients.
Ae. aegypti mosquitoes are potent vectors of yellow fever, chikungunya, and dengue arboviruses, resulting annually in hundreds of millions of infections (Bhatt et al., 2013).
By binding to the receptors, a cascade of events are initiated leading to recruitment and activation of macrophages and neutrophils, vascular dilation and fever, and a potent proinflammatory immune response (Dinarello, 1988).
The mosquito Aedes aegypti is a potent vector of the chikungunya, yellow fever, and dengue viruses, responsible for hundreds of millions of infections and over 50,000 human deaths per year.
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a potent human and livestock pathogen endemic to sub-Saharan Africa and the Arabian Peninsula that has potential to spread to other parts of the world.
Despite widespread resistance to Nalidixic acid in Kathmandu, and rising MICs to the older fluoroquinolones, ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin, gatifloxacin has proven to be a potent drug for the treatment of enteric fever.
Prostaglandins are potent signaling molecules, known as regulators of fever, inflammation, and pain response in human biology.
Endotoxin is a potent inflammagen with recognized health effects, including fever, shaking chills, septic shock, toxic pneumonitis, and respiratory symptoms.
