The 12 randomized cluster studies evaluated a whole series of interventions including prenatal and postnatal components.
Interventions that combine pre- and postnatal components have larger effects than either alone, and those that including lay support in a multicomponent intervention may be more beneficial.
Interventions that combined pre- and postnatal components had a larger effect than either alone, and those that included lay support (such as peer support) in a multicomponent intervention may be more beneficial.
Content of the SA-FHV programme is broadly similar to that of the postnatal components of the Family Nurse Partnership and the Nurse-Family Partnership programmes in the UK and the USA, 11 14 15(see online supplementary table S2 for more details).
Postnatal visit components include: counseling (maternal and newborn danger signs, essential newborn care, and exclusive breast feeding), assessment of the newborn (morbidity and breastfeeding), referral (for newborn and maternal danger signs, postpartum contraceptive methods), demonstration/support (breastfeeding techniques) and supply (contraceptives).
The GBVR, FP and the postnatal care (PNC) component of the SM voucher are least known by health providers from dispensaries and health centers.
Some respondents demonstrated a lack of knowledge or misconceptions about the importance of antenatal and postnatal care service components, such as the use of iron/folic acid supplements or the type and benefit of immunizations.
Several studies have investigated the effects of alcohol exposure, both pre- and postnatal, on various components of adult neurogenesis, including proliferation of progenitors, survival, maturation, and integration (Valenzuela et al., 2012).
Postnatal NSCs lacking PRC1 component BMI1 are defective for self-renewal, in part due to the derepression of cell cycle inhibitors encoded by the Ink4a/Arf locus (also known as Cdkn2a) (Molofsky et al., 2003).
