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The same analysis was performed for the post-sleep test.
Polysomnographic equipments were removed at the end of the post-sleep phase.
Participants never received feedback on their response in the pre-sleep, sleep and post-sleep phases.
Longer naps can lead to sleep inertia — the post-sleep grogginess that can be difficult to shake off.
Participants were instructed to remain awake and to respond to stimuli in the entire post-sleep phase.
Whether improvement in sWM reflects a general post-sleep facilitation of learning, or is more specific and based on consolidation of landmarks, is not known.
Post-sleep blocks with more than 20% trials without responses were excluded from our analysis (17 out of 400 blocks in 20 participants).
The suppressive effect of deep NREM was confirmed by examining EEG responses to white-noise stimuli during the post-sleep phase (all 20 participants included, Fig. 6).
We computed the index of perceptual learning separately for the four different sets of RefRN (i.e., pre-sleep, NREM and REM sets, plus the new post-sleep list).
We attempted to trace back the suppressive effect of exposure during NREM sleep, observed on the behavioral data in the post-sleep test, to specific sleep events.
Finally, in the morning, participants started the post-sleep test with the same discrimination task as for the pre-sleep phase.
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