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The results showed that mean efficiency scores of chain-affiliated facilities in both pre- and post-affiliation periods are slightly higher than those of their independent counterparts, but the difference was not statistically significant.
Otherwise we concluded that post-affiliation friendly interactions occurred at baseline levels.
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While reconciliation was not formally demonstrated in that population, in contrast to a study on rooks, where not a single case of post-conflict affiliation between former opponents was observed [14], the Austrian raven former opponents affiliated after 16 of 152 conflicts [15].
Like with reconciliation, such post-conflict affiliation with a bystander seems able to reduce aggression-induced stress [12].
The adaptive function of bystander initiated post-conflict affiliation (also: consolation & appeasement) has been debated for 30 years.
Previous analysis of the data has shown that bystander initiated post-conflict affiliation in Taï chimpanzees is a true post-conflict interaction [22].
Since its first description by de Waal & van Roosmalen [13], post-conflict affiliation initiated by a bystander has been labeled 'consolation'consolation
We did not look for selective attraction between former opponents as ravens engage in frequent post-conflict affiliation with bystanders uninvolved in the preceding conflict [15].
Reconciliation (defined as here as post-conflict affiliation between former opponents within ten minutes of the end of the preceding conflict) occurred after 37 of 197 conflicts.
During the ongoing debate over its function, this post-conflict affiliation was relabeled as 'consolation' only when given to the victim of aggression, and 'appeasement', when given to the aggressor [14].
Support for this assumption is provided by the fact that SDBs remain elevated following conflicts after which post-conflict affiliation does not occur, but have been shown to reduce to baseline levels after reconciliation [17], [18], [19] or consolation [20].
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