This suggests that corrective justice is but distributive justice from an ex post perspective rather than an independent principle of justice.
Behind this veil of ignorance there is no differentiation in the HMO market even though the "good" sold is different from an ex post perspective.
4 This perfect competition assumption among HMOs makes sense since HMOs are identical from an ex ante perspective, even though from an ex post perspective HMOs are differentiated due to the providers' differentiation.
Unlike the conventional ex post perspective, which focuses on the likelihood of acts that have allegedly been committed and on the "direct operational costs" of "erroneous assignment of liability" (at 746), Kaplow's theory adopts an ex ante perspective that considers the likely impact of the choice of evidential threshold on social behavior at large.
As stated above, the literature on MCA, carried out at neighbourhood level, is very scanty and usually refers to the ex-post perspective.
From the ex-post perspective, holding mortgage debt will reduce the probability of filing for bankruptcy by a small financially distressed firm.
It is important to note that these changes imply changes in many economic variables such that, from the ex-post perspective (i.e. in the new steady state), firing costs, for example, may be higher or lower than 25%% of average real wages because the latter may have changed.
The majority of studies find mean WTP/QALY values below the "consensus threshold" when an ex-post perspective, such as ours, is used [ 8- 14] 14].
The ex-ante perspective (previous to the existence of the need, for example when evaluating an insurance) could incorporate altruistic and optional values to utility of outcomes with respect to the ex-post perspective (WTP is evaluated from an already existing health need), but its results are strongly influenced by the probability of the occurrence of the health problem [ 8].
Since the questionnaires were given to individuals undertaking the valuation who were already consumers of the treatment in question (i.e. were receiving parenteral antimicrobials when enrolled) and thus the primary uncertainty at the time of the questionnaire was the probability of treatment course outcomes, an ex-post perspective was adopted [ 15, 16].
