post hoc tests

USAGE SUMMARY

The phrase "post hoc tests" is correct and can be used in written English.
It is typically used in academic or scientific writing to refer to statistical tests that are conducted after an initial analysis, often to investigate specific hypotheses or relationships between variables. Example: "Following the initial ANOVA, a series of post hoc tests were conducted to determine which specific treatment groups showed significant differences in mean scores."

✓ Grammatically correct

Science

Human-verified examples from authoritative sources

Exact Expressions

40 human-written examples

Statistical analysis used ANOVA and Fisher post hoc tests.

Duke University

Dunnett's multiple comparison tests were used as post hoc tests.

Clinical Phytoscience

For post hoc tests, Bonferroni's method was used.

Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

Bonferroni multiple comparisons were used as post hoc tests.

Plosone

All post hoc tests were performed with a Bonferroni correction.

Plosone

ANOVA and post hoc tests were used for univariate comparison.

Plosone

Human-verified similar examples from authoritative sources

Similar Expressions

20 human-written examples

LSD-post hoc tests were used.

Plosone

Tukey HSD post-hoc tests were performed when appropriate.

Nature

Post-hoc tests were corrected using Bonferroni correction.

Nature

Pairwise post-hoc tests support our hypothesis.

Frontiers of Business Research in China

Post-hoc tests of simple effects were Bonferroni corrected.

Plosone

Expert writing Tips

Best practice

When reporting results from "post hoc tests", always specify which test was used (e.g., Tukey's HSD, Bonferroni, etc.) to ensure clarity and reproducibility.

Common error

Avoid assuming that a significant result from a "post hoc test" automatically implies practical significance; consider effect sizes and the context of your research question.

Linguistic Context

The phrase "post hoc tests" functions as a noun phrase in scientific and statistical contexts. It identifies specific statistical procedures performed after an initial analysis (like ANOVA) to determine where significant differences lie. As Ludwig AI indicates, this phrase is grammatically correct and commonly used.

Expression frequency: Common

Frequent in

Science

100%

Less common in

News & Media

0%

Formal & Business

0%

Academia

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Ludwig's WRAP-UP

The phrase "post hoc tests" is a common term in statistical analysis, referring to tests conducted after an initial analysis to determine specific group differences. According to Ludwig AI, the phrase is grammatically correct and primarily used in scientific contexts. When using "post hoc tests", it's crucial to specify the type of test used and to interpret significance levels carefully. Alternatives like "follow-up tests" or "pairwise comparisons" can be used depending on the specific analytical context. Remember to consider the practical significance alongside statistical significance when interpreting results.

More alternative expressions

Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:

follow-up tests

Focuses on the subsequent nature of the tests after an initial analysis, using simpler terminology.

pairwise comparisons

Highlights the act of comparing pairs of groups after a significant overall test.

multiple comparison procedures

Emphasizes the handling of multiple comparisons to control error rates.

subsequent tests

Stresses the sequential performance of tests after a primary analysis.

additional analyses

Generalizes the concept to include any further examination of the data.

secondary analysis

Highlights the tests as a second stage of investigation after the main analysis.

tests for group differences

Focuses on identifying differences between groups following an initial ANOVA.

tests of simple effects

Highlights the examination of individual effects within a more complex experimental design.

further statistical tests

Broadly refers to any additional statistical procedures conducted.

comparative analyses

Emphasizes the act of comparing results among different conditions or groups.

FAQs

How are "post hoc tests" used in statistical analysis?

Post hoc tests are used after an ANOVA or similar test reveals a significant overall effect, to determine which specific groups differ significantly from each other. They help control for the increased risk of Type I errors when conducting multiple comparisons.

What are some common types of "post hoc tests"?

Common types of post hoc tests include Tukey's HSD, Bonferroni correction, Scheffé's method, and Dunnett's test. The choice of test depends on the specific research question and the characteristics of the data.

When should I use "pairwise comparisons" instead of a "post hoc test"?

Pairwise comparisons are a type of post hoc test, specifically used to compare all possible pairs of groups. If your primary interest is in comparing every pair of groups after a significant ANOVA, then pairwise comparisons are appropriate. However, ensure the chosen method controls for multiple comparisons.

What is the difference between a planned comparison and a "post hoc test"?

Planned comparisons are decided before data collection based on specific hypotheses, while "post hoc tests" are conducted after observing the data to explore unexpected significant effects. Planned comparisons have more statistical power but require pre-existing hypotheses.