The possibility of using VOCs as surrogate markers for genetic sub-types of lung cancer in situations where biopsies are unavailable for DNA sequence analysis is intriguing, but requires greater insight into the mechanism of mutation-driven VOC differences, if it is to be applied in a rational manner.
Our findings suggest the possibility of using visibility as a surrogate of air quality in health research in developing countries where air pollution data might be scarce and not routinely monitored.
The combined effects of large, unquantified errors in the use of surrogates, and the possibility of other confounding factors not considered here, means these tests offer negligible power to distinguish alternative predictions (which themselves seem to have an ill-defined basis).
In addition, for realists about haecceities who believe that all properties exist necessarily, haecceities of nonexistent individuals provide an especially natural metaphysical surrogate when explaining the possibility of true and meaningful claims about the individuals in question.
Myelin changes in the CC were strikingly anterior, probably reflecting the projection of such fibres to frontal regions (38), and raising the possibility of using regional CC involvement as a surrogate for extramotor pathology.
I assumed the role of surrogate mother.
Blakeley became a kind of surrogate father to him.
And in a vast majority of surrogate pregnancies today, the surrogate has no genetic link to the baby.
Thus, how to choose sample points, how to build surrogate models, and how to evaluate the accuracy of surrogate models are key issues for surrogate modeling.
Surrogate outcomes that have not been fully evaluated may be used based on the concept of surrogate threshold effects [25].
