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These finding suggest that the ΔptpB and ΔmsgA conidia possess a defect that cause them to be unable to exit from G1-S phase during germination on glucose.
Further analysis of PAG-suppression showed that these T cells clearly possess a defect in IL-2 production as well as an inability to up regulate CD25/IL-2Rα expression.
Since 5′-AMP can most likely arise at both single- and double-strand breaks, we next examined whether Aptx−/− and Tdp1−/−/ Aptx−/− neural cells possess a defect in DSBR.
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As a comparison, among the previously studied S/T protein kinase knockouts in N. crassa (Park et al. 2011b), 57% of the mutants possessed a defect in at least one of the growth/developmental stages, whereas 45% had overlapping defects in all three.
In fact, in most human populations the majority of people do not retain the ability to manufacture the enzyme necessary to metabolize galactose after they reach the age of four, and many individuals possess a hereditary defect known as galactosemia and never have the ability to metabolize galactose.
This increase in errors is most likely the direct result of the mutations identified within the pol coding region and suggests that this virus may indeed possess a Pol defect in replication fidelity.
To investigate whether corneal epithelial cells of individuals with lattice corneal dystrophy (LCD) possess an intrinsic defect.
The poor ability of SP thymocytes to produce TNF was not overcome upon receiving optimal signals from APCs of secondary lymphoid organs (spleen and lymph node) during TCR activation, suggesting that SP thymocytes possess an intrinsic defect in their ability to produce TNF efficiently upon stimulation.
Small-sized CSNPs possess a higher surface defect density due to a high surface-to-volume ratio [26].
The results suggest that NBH fish possess a gene regulatory defect that is not specific to one target gene such as CYP1A but rather lies in a regulatory pathway that controls the transcriptional response of multiple genes to PCB exposure.
Microscopic observation of conidia revealed that Δ csp-6, lacking a HAD class S/T phosphatase, appeared to possess a conidial separation defect reminiscent of Δ csp-1 and Δ csp-2 mutants.
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