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As in that study, between-character scaling (sensu Wiens [ 125]) was achieved by down-weighting ordered, multistate, morphological characters so that they have the same minimum length as a binary character, one step.
Maddison, W. P., Midford, P. E. & Otto, S. P. Estimating a binary character's effect on speciation and extinction.
This test calculates the probability that changes in a binary character along the phylogeny are distributed randomly on the branches defined by a second binary character.
Molar type was coded as a binary character: a) tetralophodont; or b) pentalophodont.
Behavior of egg-nymph guarding is treated as a binary character (present or absent).
In brief, gene presence or gene absence was treated as a binary character (0,1) state.
From this data set, we generated an amino acid (AA) alignment, two nucleotide alignments, and a binary character alignment.
Unequivocally reproducible bands were scored and entered into a binary character matrix (1 for presence and 0 for absence).
Do the authors believe that the filopodia that form in medea after cxcl12a overexpression now possess an anterior character?
The organic contaminant and weak bonds may possess an electrically insulating character as the electron scatter.
An inebriate possessed a weak character and was widely condemned.
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