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The variations of polarity separation with a latitude are in an anti-phase with those of the tilts reaching a maximum at the latitude of 35° and showing a small positive separation for the groups/active regions in a vicinity of the average tilts ±40°.
The ratio R of the polarity separation to the trigonometric tilt fits the linear function of a latitude φ as R = −0.0213φ − 0.1245 confirming positive separation for the polarities of active regions with the average tilts, or the dominance of activity in the Southern hemisphere activity, for the selected period of observations.
As the vertical fracture is gradually far away from the borehole, the positive separation gradually disappears.
Although the tracking and separation between the two curves in Fig. 5 are not ideal, it is clear that in hydrocarbon-bearing zones the value of K log (Rxo/Rt) is greater than -SP (positive separation), whereas in water-bearing horizons they are either equal or the value of K log (Rxo/Rt) is less than -SP (negative separation).
When the vertical fracture intersects the borehole, which means that the distance from the fracture to the center of borehole is less than 0.1 m, the apparent resistivity is significantly small and a positive separation occurs between the deep and shallow resistivities.
You know, it feels almost like a really positive separation.
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Negative separations between the deep and shallow resistivity occur in low-angle fractures, while positive separations occur in high-angle fractures.
When the fracture aperture is large, there are negative separations for low-angle fractures and positive separations for high-angle fractures.
With the same fracture aperture, the deep and shallow laterolog resistivities present small values with negative separations for low-angle fractures, while azimuthal resistivities have large variations with positive separations for high-angle fractures that intersect the borehole.
A relatively low apparent resistivity and negative separations between deep and shallow resistivities present for low-angle fractures, while a relatively high azimuthal resistivity and positive separations exist for high-angle fractures.
Several Bayesian Positive Source Separation (BPSS) algorithms under positivity and sum-to-one constraints have recently been developed [8 10].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com