Labetalol administration in the mother was suspected to be the likely cause of these false positives, given the reported ability of labetalol metabolites to cause amphetamine positive screens with some amphetamines immunoassays [ 18].
After selection of tools, we developed an in-person training session to provide clinicians with an overview of the tools, information on administration and scoring of the tools, suggested text for interpreting positive screens with parents, and recommended referral procedures.
Both CT and FAS potentially require three decisions: 1) whether to have (one of) the screening test or not, 2) whether or not to follow up positive screens with diagnostic tests, which carry an associated 0.5% risk of miscarriage and 3) if diagnostic tests confirm a positive finding, whether to terminate the pregnancy before 24 weeks' gestation or prepare for having a child with an anomaly.
The most numerous discrepant patients are those with a positive screening result with the creatinine-based equations (MDRD and CKD-EPI) but with a negative screening result with the two cystatin C-based equations.
This study was designed to determine whether a positive screening test with negative biopsy findings for prostate cancer is associated with worsened mental health during short-term follow-up.
Referral and investigation are standard practice following a positive screening test, with clear pathways and protocols for investigation.
Our single-cohort analysis reported an accumulated risk of 6.3%% for a false positive screening result, with early recall not included as a positive result.
The key to effectiveness in terms of improving women's outcomes was to systematically follow up all positive screening results with further clinical assessment for depression and access to effective management.
In our calculations, the proportion of positive screening results with liquid-based cytology will be reduced as a consequence of HPV vaccination, but the reduction is small, and the expected decline in PPV is very limited.
