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For large positive dominance deviance (suggesting a large dominant genetic effect), the dominant tests EGD and GDE are strictly optimal, closely followed by the genotypic tests EGG and GGE.
For larger positive dominance deviance, δ >> 0, indicating large dominant effects, the dominant tests are, as expected, most powerful.
This haplotype also had negative dominance effects for protein, fat and lactose percentages and positive dominance effect for milk yield in kg.
The most frequent sign motif gave rise to all three types of gene actions (additive, positive dominance, negative dominance) in commensurable proportions (Fig. 2B).
In the case of a positive dominance value, an increase in the trait of interest is the result of a heterozygous genotype.
Table 2 shows that for height and weight traits and for percentage of normal sperm in semen, the number of positive dominance effects (d > 0) was greater than the number of negative dominance effects (d < 0).
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Positive partial dominance and overdominance effects have served as the major causes of heterosis in indica-japonica F1 hybrids (Huang et al. 2016).
For the positive trials, dominance genetic effects were not statistically significant, even though the MZ twin correlations were clearly more than twice as high as the DZ correlations.
Pea et al. (2009), developing NILs from parental materials used by Frascaroli et al. (2007, 2009), confirmed a positive complete dominance effect of this region on yield.
For the QTL on WG and PC on GGA1, the additive effects were positive but dominance effects and parent-of-origin effects were negative whereas for the QTL for WG on GGA3, the effects were all in the opposite direction.
This current study showed positive correlations between dominance, aggressive and sexual behaviour, testosterone levels, and potentially parasite loads.
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