Dense, well-managed urban development and the provision of accessible, affordable public transport can therefore have a positive direct effect on the poor and other disadvantaged groups by increasing their ability to access goods, services, and economic opportunities.
The net effect that an increase in labor supply has on output would then be the combination of the positive direct effect of more workers and the negative indirect effect of less innovation.
Results show that the first strategy has a positive direct effect on place reputation.
There is indeed a positive direct relationship between visiting home and remitting.
The overall effect is then the sum of the positive direct and the negative indirect effect.
We find that positive direct impact of passion on entrepreneurial engagement.
The model also shows that there is a significant positive direct influence of victimisation on fear of crime.
GFW had a moderate to high positive direct genetic correlation with BW, WW and ADG but not with YW (0.19).
We thus hypothesize a positive direct effect of short returns (visits) on non-mobile transnational activities, such as remitting.
Contrary to expectations, years of experience also had a positive direct effect with teacher autonomy (β = .08).08
Although there are still insufficient rigorous studies evaluating the effectiveness of hybrid instruments, available evidence suggests some positive direct and indirect benefits.
