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Positive conjugation experiments with sodium azide resistant E. coli J53 showed through PCR results, plasmid DNA extraction, and antibiogram patterns of the obtained transconjugants that blaOXA-48 was located on a 70-kb self-conjugative plasmid.
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The 71,777 bp nucleotide sequence of pAW63 reveals a modular structure, including a 42 kb tra region encoding homologs of the Type IV secretion systems components VirB11, VirB4 and VirD4, as well as homologs of Gram-positive conjugation genes from Enterococcus, Lactococcus, Listeria, Streptococcus and Staphylococcus species.
The sex factor of the strain MG1363 contains 59 putative genes [ 6], 10 of which are predicted to encode proteins that are evolutionary conserved between 5 ancestrally related Gram-positive coccal conjugation systems [ 47] and are suggested to be part of a minimal set of genes required for conjugation.
The dendrosomes showed a greater cellular uptake by HeLa cells (FA receptor positive) due to the conjugation with folic acid (FA).
CDNB was used as a positive control for GSH conjugation by GST [28].
Co-transfer of all the resistance traits was observed in 26 of the 37 cases that gave positive results in the conjugation experiments.
After adsorption of ASODNs, the surface zeta potential of the f-HNT-based complexes decreased to a less positive value, suggesting the successful conjugation of DNA onto the f-HNT surface.
This positive effect of fluorescent dye conjugation could be confirmed by another study [ 16].
Non-targeted NPs with surface –NH2 groups showed a positive zeta potential and the conjugation of 3-BP diminished the positive charge by ∼10 mV.
Possible applications aimed at membrane bound forms of human Fas receptor on the targeted cells include in vivo / in vitro imaging of positive cells [ 35] by conjugations with either fluorescent dyes [ 36] or luminescent proteins [ 37].
There is much less data available concerning conjugation among Gram-positive bacteria, but the present consensus distinguishes four main transfer strategies, the most common of which seems to be that of the so-called broad host range plasmids.
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