The HIV-positive caseload among refugees was considerably higher in Malaysia in comparison to other major programs in the region (ten cases each in Bangkok and New Delhi).
Flexibility, improved lifestyle and personal autonomy are all positive features of caseload work that have been reported in the literature [ 5, 12, 17, 54, 55], and these positive aspects of caseload work may help explain the low burnout scores reported for caseload midwives in this study.
The positive aspects of caseload midwifery (such as forming relationships with women and working with a level of personal and professional autonomy) may offset the negative aspects (such as the requirement to work on-call).
In both surveys the opportunity to work in a model that offers continuity and relationships with known women was identified as the most common positive aspect of caseload midwifery for midwives overall (58% at baseline and 65% at two years), followed by job satisfaction (41% at baseline and 36% at two years).
Open-ended questions were included to provide respondents the opportunity to add free-text responses about positive and negative aspects of caseload midwifery models for midwives generally and for the caseload midwives personally.
Just over half (n = 18) reported a high caseload of HIV positive patients (i.e., representing a significant component of their clinical work), with the remaining (n = 13) participants reporting a low or medium caseload.
Burnout may be lower in models where the level of occupational autonomy and capacity to build relationships with women is high [ 12, 14, 21] and both of these factors were identified by the caseload midwives as positive features of the models in this study.
Our results also highlight a few factors that are associated with PTs' interests in pursuing extended scope practice roles, such as a high arthritis caseload, having a positive attitude toward advanced clinical roles in arthritis care and toward the formal credentialing process, and recognizing the difference between certification and specialisation.
Participants' experiences in their clinical caseloads included both positive and negative evaluations of parenting courses.
Compared with midwives working in standard care models, caseload midwives had more positive views of their professional role and had lower burnout scores.
In general surgery and urology, a mentor traineeship has been shown to increase laparoscopic caseload and to have a positive effect on laparoscopic education and research [17, 19].
