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Controlling for differences in effort and earnings, participants who were ranked first donated significantly more than others, supporting the view that positive affect from winning may increase generosity.
28 Three studies reported change in positive affect from baseline to follow-up, with follow-ups ranging from three months to four years (median 12 months).
Multiple regression indicated that evaluations and positive affect from trailers predicted 76% of the variance in evaluations of live lectures (R = .87).87
Compared with continuing to smoke, quitting smoking was associated with a significant increase in positive affect from baseline to follow-up (SMD 0.40, 95% confidence interval 0.09 to 0.71; P=0.01; I=49%; fig 3).
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It is possible that the effects of the treatment may be due to the promotion of positive mental imagery, changes in interpretation bias or alternatively increased positive affect resulting from exposure to the positively valence training material.
The use of positive affect scores from PANAS was to ascertain if changes in positive mood occur that may not be so clearly identified using POMS.
The RPA is a 17-item questionnaire assessing responses to positive affect rated from 1 (almost never) to 4 (almost always).
(3) The sexually functional women seemed more susceptible to the appraisal manipulations given that the largest differences in positive affect resulting from the instructions were found in this group.
Furthermore, given that affect generated by one stimulus can be transferred to another [ 46, 47], the positive affect resulting from incentive-attainment may have generalised to the context in which this occurred, i.e. the Stop-Smoking Services, thus leading incentivised women to perceive the services more positively.
Moreover, since control theory accounts hypothesize that mood is a function of relative goal progress, with negative versus positive affect resulting from less versus greater progress towards a goal than desired and expected (Carver & Scheier, 1990), it is hypothesized that negative affect would be associated with a shift to a more concrete level of goal/action identification.
To quantify the level of positive emotion in learners, the positive affect scale (PAS) from PANAS was utilized [51].
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