That we have an idea of how much for-profit colleges spend on marketing because they are required by law to provide a factual account of their FASB financial records is a positive for public accountability.
For instance, Johnson and Johnson's framework that defines the necessary elements for successfully supporting cooperative or collaborative learning (e.g., individual accountability, positive interdependence) provides the rationale for design elements to help learners develop these skills.
When groups of students are assigned a joint case, they are most likely to achieve the objectives of positive interdependence, individual accountability, heterogeneous interactions, and attention to group processing when the case assignment is selected and designed to promote common task activities by each participant.
In fact, Padilla, González, Gutiérrez, Cabrera, and Paderewski (2009) propose a set of recommendations to design educational video games with collaborative learning activities, taking into account some of the factors required to make collaborative learning more effective, such as positive interdependence, personal accountability, social skills or group processing.
These frequencies indicate the per team frequencies of the collaboration activities codes from Table 6 (e.g., positive interdependence, individual accountability) evidenced in students' responses to the reflection question "How has your team changed how it accomplishes its work during phase 10 of this project".
Its positive effect in public accountability is already clear.
And at the same time it wasn't brought to bear on reality, there was no accountability, no positive intervention.
While observers say there have been some positive developments in public accountability, including a reform package passed last month by the Sri Lankan parliament, concerns about human rights remain.
This setting supports both individual accountability and positive interdependence (Knight 2004b).
