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For nonregenerative NeMo, to determine the coefficients that are adopted to modulate the NM symbol, the packet header must include the information to design the vector in (3) and the positions of coefficients adopted, since not all the elements of are used to modulate OM symbols.
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1 Evaluating the number of sparse coefficients (or samples), 2 finding the positions of sparse coefficients, and 3 determining the values of these coefficients.
For these reasons, we propose a method of selecting positions of AC coefficients for embedding.
In order to further reduce the distortion, positions of AC coefficients are selected carefully.
Hiding message m to the binary stream V requires to find the positions of the coefficients to be flipped.
Subsection 3.3 explains the main contribution of this paper, which is the process of selecting the positions of AC coefficients for minimizing the distortion.
For each direction, there exist 63 mode element pairs based on the 63 different positions of AC coefficients in an 8 × 8 block.
The above iterative method cannot work since projection (the masking operation in Figure 7) onto the "frequency" domain is not possible without the knowledge of the positions of sparse coefficients.
After sorting the modified target set, the original positions of its coefficients will be more similar to the original positions of the sorted source set depending on how many times the source set was added to the target set (i.e., the constant ).
In that case, in each exit vector the positions of the coefficients different from zero mark the different possible diagnoses.
The decoding is done as follows: Read the LSBs of the first 81 DC coefficients to extract the payload size and the positions of the AC coefficients used for embedding Sort the blocks by the number of zero AC coefficients Extract the payload and recover the original AC coefficients Replace the LSBs of the DC coefficients with the original values (which were extracted along with the payload).
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