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To solve this issue, some existing positioning approaches assume the availability of prior knowledge concerning measurement noises, which is not practical for VANET.
Several real-time positioning approaches have been demonstrated for such purpose, such as real-time kinematic relative positioning, precise point positioning, etc., where dual-frequency geodetic receivers are applied for the removal of ionosphere delays by inter-frequency combination.
Among various indoor positioning approaches [1, 2], pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) using inertial sensor built-in smartphones is a promising solution, since it is self-contained and requires no extra infrastructures.
In addition, for a fair comparison between the algorithms, the input observations of the KF-based tracking scheme is based on the location information extracted from positioning approaches, and the performance of the KF-based approach is also as a comparing bound for location tracking schemes.
This suggests that the different coil positioning approaches do not necessarily differ qualitatively in their TMS-induced effects, but in the magnitude of their respective effect sizes, and thus, in the number of participants required to reveal statistical significance of the observed TMS-induced changes.
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Figure 5 The target centric INEMO positioning approach.
Thus, we propose that there is an opportunity for a global employer positioning approach.
In [12], the authors address challenges for indoor NLOS channels using a hybrid TDOA/AOA positioning approach.
The results of extensive experiments have shown that the proposed cooperative AOA positioning approach is more accurate.
In this paper, we present a constrained weighted least squares (CWLS) mobile positioning approach that encompasses all the above described measurement cases.
To mitigate the non-line-of-sight (NLOS) effect, a three-step positioning approach is proposed in this article for target tracking.
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