Odometry is a localization method in which a ground vehicle integrates the velocity of its wheel or track, and which guarantees positional continuity, in contrast with other position estimation methods, such as global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) and visual odometry.
Using model-based estimation positional errors affect the model parameter estimates and thus the estimators.
With model-assisted estimation, positional errors affect the model parameter estimates for the models that are used as part of the estimation framework.
The determination of orthology and positional homology permits estimation of minimum ages of viral-host associations.
When the models were developed based on perfectly geo-located data but applied to data with positional errors, model-based estimation was superior to model-assisted estimation.
On the radiograph, the positional error in the estimation of the neutral mechanical axis of the lower limb was measured.
Consolidate weak positions in positional play.
Other than the flat prior commonly used in Bayesian inference, prior information for the sojourn density could be estimated from annotation or previous studies, thus it can be effectively utilized together with positional information of features to guide the estimation of the most likely state sequence.
(1) We have developed a model to predict the positional error of a real working positioning engine under different mobility levels of mobile targets, estimation error from the positioning engine, processing and networking delay in the location infrastructure, and sampling rate of location information.
We compared the effects of positional errors in model-assisted and model-based estimation through Monte Carlo sampling simulation in a simulated study area resembling the forest conditions in Kuortane, western Finland.
Complete positional permutations destroying relative distances between profile positions, similar to the combinatorial problem of pattern-avoiding permutations (Atkinson, 1999), give a robust estimation of the E-values (data not shown).
