The performances of this system were calculated for various solar collector configurations as number and position of water pipes, air layer thickness, thermal insulation thickness… Three solar fractions are defined and used in the optimization procedure.
The results revealed that the shape of the inlet pipes should be designed by considering their position, the number of pipes and the nozzle angle using a sophisticated heat and fluid flow model to maximize the heat exchange rate.
In this paper, for safety and energy-saving, the influence of water flow on freezing process is simulated by a developed coupled hydro-thermal model considering water/ice phase transition and the positions of freeze pipes around circular tunnel are optimized through combining this model with Nelder Mead simplex method based on COMSOL multiphysics platform.
Minimization of dissipated energy is carried out to find the optimal position of the curved pipe segment for different fault offset.
The set-up uses a 133Ba source along with a CdZnTe detector and a digital spectrum analyser to acquire gamma attenuation data for different chordal positions of the pipe cross section.
To minimize the field problem and develop solutions, it is necessary to find out potential construction issues; for example, whether the elevation of piping is too high or too low, the clear space between drainage pipelines and surrounding objects, and the relationship between the positions of drain pipe and the elevation of catch basins (Figure 10).
However, a number of difficulties have been highlighted when trying to determine the position of leaks in plastic pipes.
In order to examine primary effects in more detail, a sensitivity study based on numerically generated TRT data sets is performed considering the effects of (1) the in-situ position of the U-shaped pipes of borehole heat exchangers (shank spacing), (2) a non-uniform initial thermal distribution (such as a geothermal gradient), and (3) thermal dispersivity.
That has put AT&T, like other mobile operators, into the position of being a 'dumb pipe' – something all are loath to do.
Angles αO, βO and γO are rotation angles, from vertical axes in the ordinary position, of the Pedal, trapway pipe and water valve handle, respectively, where αf, βf and γf are there angles in the extreme position.
