This concluding phrase is of prime importance, for when humans place themselves into "hierarchical positions of domination and subordination," environmental degradation inevitably results.
Benjamin's subjects are women tied up or in positions of domination, poised in a perfect pose or lost in the throes of ecstacy, rendered both in realistic detail and surreal shapes and colors to reclaim agency over the objectified female body.
As opposed to "oppression," I define "social justice" as the concept that local, national and global communities functioning where everyone has equal access to and equitable distribution of the rights, benefits, privileges and resources, and where everyone can live freely unencumbered by social constructions of hierarchical positions of domination and subordination".
'Othering' describes practices of marginalization based on apparent differences, often race or ethnicity, and is 'a process that identifies those that are thought to be different from oneself or the mainstream,' which 'can reinforce power and reproduce positions of domination and subordination' (Johnson et al. 2004, 253).
At various historical periods, people have applied these texts, sometimes taken in tandem, and at other times used selectively, to establish and maintain hierarchical positions of power, domination, and privilege over individuals and groups targeted by these texts and tenets.
From scorn, marginalization, forced conversion and expulsion, to kidnapping, rape, enslavement, invasion and murder, throughout the ages up to our current epoch, people have taken literal and not-so-literal interpretations of their scriptures to establish and maintain hierarchical positions of power, domination and privilege over individuals and entire nations targeted by these texts.
She made a run-a-ball 21 before holing out to Natalie Sciver from Katherine Brunt's bowling, although Australia still looked in a strong position until Cross' spell of domination.
It also seems clear that the subordinate position of women and the domination of men in many societies are other important forces (Fig. 2) (33).
Second is the wrong of placing the members of a salient social group in a position of vulnerability to exploitation and domination as a result of the denial of equal opportunities and the imposition of other kinds of relative disadvantage.
Structures of domination are not altered; instead, positions of key field actors are strengthened.
