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traits of organisms vary among individuals within populations, trait differences are inherited between generations, traits provide an advantage in the struggle for existence under competition for resources and in different environmental conditions.
Since phenotypes were not measured at consistent ages and conditions between populations, trait distributions differed between populations and the estimated SNP effects could not be integrated directly.
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Information on the economic value of populations, traits and processeswould ease the management of animal genetic resources that requires many decisions(Scarpa et al. 2003).
When comparing h values of anadromous versus nonanadromous populations, traits specific to smolts or smolt transformation were removed from analysis.
We have assumed that each interaction coefficient is independently modifiable whereas in natural populations traits may affect many interactions simultaneously.
Population Trait Chr.
Such interpretation implies that the leftward attentional bias is a population trait.
The profit function approach was used in order to provide flexibility to alternative production systems, market requirements or population trait levels.
Table 2 Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for grain DMA concentration in the F 2 population Trait QTLa Chromosome Nearest maker LODb Additive effect r 2 d Grain DMA concentration qDMAs6.1 6 AE06000003 11.06 −0.014 0.36 qDMAs6.2 6 AE06001721 6.90 −0.007 0.25 qDMas8 8 AE08000162 3.89 −0.0089 0.12 a Individual QTLs are shown in italics as the abbreviation of the trait and the chromosome number.
Most population trait means of S. sponhemica were significantly related to climate gradients, indicating adaptation.
Most population trait means of S. sponhemica were significantly related to climate gradients, suggesting adaptive genetic differentiation in quantitative traits among populations (see Whitlock, 2008).
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