The inclusion of the population offset allows the exponentiated coefficients to be interpreted as incidence rate ratios.
The data series in this study were y t and Ot, the quarterly count of school-age, school-hour pedestrian injuries and population offset at time period t.
Prevalence was defined as the number of observed cases in a given age and sex group for each year as the numerator and the estimated annual population for the specified age and sex group for that year as a denominator, modeled in SAS as the observed count data with a log population offset.
In this model, log n i = log P i + β AM i + β MA i + a o where P i is the population offset, A i is avian mortality attributable to WNV, and M i is the number of virus-positive mosquito pools.
For estimation of average annual percent change for men and women in 3 states (California, Florida, and New York), age-adjusted prevalence was the dependent variable, modeled as expected number of cases with a log population offset; time (year) was the independent variable.
Surely there are enough hungry brands out there that will pay to get in front of these newly connected populations (and offset data costs for accessing the Internet) if the tech community builds the platforms for them to do so.
Many studies have analysed the benefits of a new genetic input: gene flow between populations can offset the loss of genetic diversity and avoid the deleterious consequences of inbreeding [ 1, 2].
Jobs disappeared in almost every sector of the economy, except government, where the hiring of 357,000 census takers for the once-a-decade population count offset the decline in business jobs.
The government's own National Capital Committee, in its 2014 report, has pointed out the problem with that: "While personal consumption is expected to fall between now and 2030, the expected growth in population will offset this, and total demand is, therefore, expected to rise significantly".
