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Skink occurrence was influenced mainly by landscape-level features that reflect opportunities for dispersal into gardens from source populations (distance to city edge; presence of an adjacent grassy paddock) and habitat quality (messiness).
For Fraser River and Cowichan River populations, distances from ocean entry to the northern station (NSOG) and southern station (JDF) were roughly equal (Figure 1).
Based on the genetic landscape map and admixture proportions smaller than 0.1 at the localities, we then selected populations (distance: 8.4 km) on either side of the nuclear admixture area for the partner preference tests of females of parapatric origin.
We find that in this population distance traveled is associated with gender, living arrangements, and dog ownership.
To account for differences in inter-population distances, residuals of genetic variation after taking geographic inter-populations distances into account was used.
This is apparent from the MDS plot of population distances and from the AMOVA results.
The maximum of intra-population distance and the minimum of inter-population distance were calculated using MEGA 3.1.
Each set of resulting pairwise population distances was entered into distance matrices for each cranial dataset.
Neighbor-joining tree based on the population distances measured as Dest among genetic subgroups.
Individual distances from each population to a given centroid were averaged to produce an inter-population distance.
Inter-population distance and differences in breeding times are barriers to reproduction that can contribute to genotypic differentiation between populations.
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