Proponents argued that the alliances would give consumers more clout in bargaining with the insurers; critics replied that the alliances would become ensnared in political battles (as the more well-to-do sought to exclude poorer and more high-risk populations), and corruption would be rife.
Reconstruction (1865 77) was a bitter era, marked by military occupation, disenfranchisement of various segments of the population, and corruption.
To look at Nigeria is to look at many, many of the problems that face us everywhere: population, disease, corruption, the erosion of what we call progressive values.
According to "Singham," a fists-of-steel throwback of a Bollywood film, India suffers from three things: "pollution, population and corruption".
"The evidence displays a strong connection between the spatial distribution of population and corruption: Isolated capital cities are associated with greater levels of corruption across U.S. states," a study by the Kennedy School concludes.
Other long term threats to the economy include high population growth, corruption, a weak infrastructure, and low levels of human capital.
The result was an economic and political disaster: the impoverishment of large swathes of the Russian population, massive corruption in the Russian government, and accusations that the Harvard team had illegally misappropriated US taxpayer money.
A report from 2010 reveals that one third of the population sees corruption as a necessity, and up to 20% had paid bribes to a doctor or a lawyer during the last year [ 36].
There also need to be viable mechanisms for the population to report corruption.
Corruption reached the highest levels of the administration and was believed to have played a major part in the gradual leftward political shift on the part of much of the population, which equated corruption with privatization and market forces.
But as Mr Khodorkovsky said in a recent interview from jail, the tensions between the declining performance of the Russian economy, the expectations of the population and the corruption of the bureaucracy will erode the system, whoever is president.With Mr Putin in power, Russia may suffer deep stagnation, but a collapse of the system would be all the more dramatic.
