If (a^{N}_{i} = F u^{N}_{i})) in all populations i, then the system is in balance.
The p × p matrix of functions J = { J i j } i, j = 1, …, p represents the connectivity between populations i and j, see below.
Here the ((w_{ij})) are weights characterizing the strength of the synaptic connections between populations i and j, and (tau_{m}) is the membrane time constant, describing how fast the membrane potential relaxes back to its resting value.
The NMM embeds five types of synaptic connections between populations: (i) (P' to P), (ii) (P to P'), (iii) (P to I), (iv) (I to P), (v) (P to P).
It offers two advantages over the study of natural populations: (i) different parameters of the population evolution can be precisely defined by the experimenter and (ii) multiple replicates of each demographic scenario can be performed.
Dij: geographical distance between populations i and j.
General reliability of our results was supported by 1) similar findings in other segregating populations (i.
Consider populations i = 1, 2,..., K with K ≥ 2 and a locus with N ≥ 2 alleles.
Brabletz et al. proposed the existence of two CSC populations: (i) stationary CSC subpopulation and (ii) migratory CSC subpopulation.
For each pair of populations i and j, N ij and D ij are defined as above.
Formally, let p i be the frequency of a variant in biallelic SNP in each of two populations (i = 1,2).
