Clinically however, this is meaningful because the changes in mean levels of various risk factors are usually small, but even small changes in mean levels can have a measurable benefit at a population wide level [ 58].
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.07335.014 Despite this structure of long-term phylogeographic association on a population wide level, we also observe that some PGs were highly geographically restricted and appear to have spread to only a limited number of regions.
This rate corresponded to what has been seen in a similar study for HA-MRSA suggesting that, at least at a population wide level, these two distinct classes are evolving at a similar rate [ 16].
Given the low levels of physical activity, many countries are investing resources in strategies to increase population-wide levels of health-enhancing physical activity (HEPA) [ 6].
Using individual choices to replicate or predict adoption at population-wide levels has been attempted using agent-based models [ 24, 25].
It's also odd to believe that boosting one's own immune system, and living a healthy life as an individual, can obviate the need for immunisation on a population-wide level.
Patients who had undergone weight loss surgery were excluded from the study, which is part of a wider research project to understand how successful different obesity treatments are on a population-wide level.
Finally, in the long run, if eradication of TB is considered to be a realistic goal, especially in low-prevalence countries, LTBI subjects will have to be effectively diagnosed at a population-wide level [3], [6], [8].
By using this strategy, eradication of TB in low-prevalence countries has been judged by some to be a realistic goal, provided that LTBI can be effectively diagnosed at a population-wide level [8].
Increasing the population-wide level of physical activity is a major public health concern [e.g. [ 1]].
We note that the population-wide level of GGT has been steadily increasing over time in the last three decades in the US and two decades in Korea.
