One key element of the cost savings drive has been the programme of closures, despite the near record 85,000 prison population and the increased volatility and disturbances that have been seen in recent months – some as a result of understaffing levels or inexperienced staff.
Also, Qanats provide a steady flow of water at a low rate and thus are ideal for dispersed rural communities with low population density and low volatility of water demand during the year (Motiee et al. 2006).
Despite using multiple, independent coders, classifying trajectories among such a marginalised population is challenging given the volatility in people's lives.
These risks and vulnerabilities are further exacerbated by several emerging trends such as persisting inequality, climate change, changing population dynamics, and rising economic volatility.
Generally, volatility of microbial populations in the three takins were relatively small during our study period.
We became interested in this subject due to the fact that these three compounds have been detected in rivers polluted with industrial waste affecting animal populations; due to their high volatility these pollutants can be spread through the air and contaminate large areas, constituting a risk of exposure for every living being around.
The existing social transfer programmes need to be seen as a first stage in the development of strong and stable institutions, able to protect poor and vulnerable populations in the south from the volatility and crisis of the global economy.
This should in turn lead to stronger directional selection on male ornamentation, potentially reinforcing the volatility, and strength of sexual selection in populations experiencing novel resource inputs.
These techniques provide information on aerosol volatility by probing changes in size/volume of aerosol particle population, in gas-phase composition via mass spectrometry using thermal desorption or Knudsen cell based methods.
