Sentence examples for population substitution from inspiring English sources

He also said the French had suffered a "population substitution" over the last 40 years in certain regions.

In summary, among the study population, substitution of two in-office visits during the 9-month follow-up period by remote monitoring accounted for a savings of 21 468€ (41%) in the total cost (Table  2 ).

The evolutionary significance of HGT-acquired "out of population" substitutions was assessed by quantification relative to the "within population" substitutions for each sampled genome since the last common ancestor of the haloarchaea.

In the absence of HGT, the substitutions per site from the root to each tip of the ribosomal protein phylogeny would represent the total fixed mutations originating in the same population, referred to hereafter as "within population" substitutions.

We could thus speculate that all the "out of population" substitutions delivered by HGT are in fact nearly neutral and do not contribute to the adaptive evolution of members of a population.

In some regions such as Eastern Europe, significant increases in polyunsaturated fat and reciprocal declines in saturated fat intake were identified between 1990 and 2010, demonstrating feasibility of such broad population substitutions to reduce coronary heart disease risk.

These amino acid changes, referred to hereafter as "out of population" substitutions, erase those in the recipient's gene that have evolved since divergence from the donor lineage (d1 + d2 in fig. 1 A).

This mixture of donors providing the "out of population" substitutions may augment the contribution to the adaptive evolution of any one lineage beyond what the proportions listed in table 2 imply (Omelchenko et al. 2003).

Proportions of out of population substitutions for all sampled genomes are listed in table 2. The true genome-wide diversity achieved by out-of-lineage acquisitions depends on the diversity of the donors: all from a single donor will make the recipient more like the donor but from an even distribution of donors has a greater potential for novel genetic combinations in different populations.

Different approaches can be used to infer the rate at which mutations arise (the mutation rate) and become fixed within a population (the substitution rate) during virus evolution (reviewed in [6], [7]).

In the context of viral population genetics, substitution or evolutionary rates can be defined as the number of fixed mutational changes that accumulate in the population per nucleotide site per unit of time [ 27].