Adaptation, population, speciation, mutation, common ancestor, transition form, and variation are mostly ill-used terms (Table 1).
Excluding cases of extreme compressed cladogenesis, where the new lineages arise at such short intervals that the emerging clades inherit nonsegregated polymorphisms from the ancestral population, speciation events correspond to time points in the past.
MEH is broadly interested in population isolation, speciation, and molecular evolution in marine animals, especially anthozoans and gastropods.
Mate choice is of central importance to most animals, influencing population structure, speciation, and ultimately the survival of a species.
Studies on population genetics, speciation and phylogeny of Primula have been impeded by a lack of genomic resources.
Estimates of ancestral effective population sizes, speciation times, and generation times were used for calculating the probabilities of gene trees given the species tree (Degnan and Salter 2005).
The amount of standing genetic variation in the ancestral population before speciation has a major effect on the evolution of reproductive isolation.
We applied four different methods of molecular-based species delineation: General Mixed Yule-Coalescent Model (GMYC) - a maximum likelihood approach as implemented in the 'General Mixed Yule-Coalescent' model (GMYC) was applied to discriminate between population and speciation processes and to identify species see [ 32, 33].
Molecular markers developed for plant and animal species have been instrumental in answering many biological questions about the natural world, including, for example, those focusing on mating systems, effective population sizes, speciation, and taxonomy.
The hypothesis implies that punctuated equilibria [ 92] reflect rare evolutionary breakthroughs during the history of life that lead to exploration of new niches accompanied by subdivisions of the population and speciation.
The data are, therefore, more consistent with the capsule region genes spreading though the meningococcal population post speciation by an infectious genetic exchange process, which has not reached fixation [ 81, 82].
