Accordingly, transformation size-restricted MMPs mostly account for structural analogs.
This would be especially expected in narrow-endemic species, whose ecological niche is often so restricted that indeed homogeneous selective forces are likely to occur, whereas small population sizes and restricted dispersal are likely to produce strong differentiation for neutral variation.
Migration rates and population sizes were restricted based on priors that generated generally well-behaved posterior distributions in optimizing runs (q1 1, q2 10, qA 200, m1 100, m2 5).
Table S4) did not greatly affect the dispersion of populations similar distributions were observed when the population sizes were restricted to 100/population (inset, Fig. 1), or 25/population (data not shown).
Demographic expansion and contraction with fluctuating population sizes, widespread historical vs. current restricted gene flow during complex glacial cycles, and low rates of molecular evolution in organelle DNA all have to be aroused to explain such population structuring.
In other cases fragmentation due to dams has been shown to exert negative genetic effects caused by restricted gene flow and declining population sizes [ 13- 17].
This specific ecological requirement results in small population sizes and restricts gene flow among populations (each population possesses unique haplotypes).
We further advocate that restricted gene flow, together with within-population assortative mating, now constrains effective population sizes, accelerating the decrease in genetic variance due to drift.
The population size was restricted to a predefined range by removing the eldest virtual organisms from the environment when the number of virtual organisms reached the upper bound (due to crowding), and by randomly choosing two parents from the environment and producing their offspring as a new individual in the environment when the number of virtual organisms reached the lower bound.
The population size was restricted to a predefined range by removing the eldest agents from the environment when the number of agents reached the upper bound (due to crowding), and by producing new individuals in the environment when the number of agents reached the lower bound.
