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Denmark was below population replacement level in 1970, at 2.0 births per woman, and slid to 1.7 by 2001.
The global population replacement level, the number of births required to keep population stable, is 2.3 babies per couple.
Where women's status in every way approaches that of men, fertility rates most nearly approach the sustainable population "replacement" level.
The Bureau of Labor Statistics projects a shortfall of 10 million workers in the United States in 2010, and in countries where the birthrate is well below the population replacement level (particularly in western Europe), the shortage will hit sooner, be more severe, and remain chronic.
But their argument is based on shoddy science: the birthrate, already falling before the policy was introduced, is now officially 1.8, or nearer 1.2 according to independent demographic experts like Yi Fuxian — much lower than the necessary 2.1 population replacement level.
aThe population replacement level is the fertility rate required to maintain the population.
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But it has surged of late and now stands at population-replacement level, about 2.07 children per woman.
The first is childbearing patterns: At a time when most rich countries report markedly low birthrates, fertility levels in the United States are close to long-term population-replacement levels, making the United States peculiarly fecund for a contemporary affluent democracy.
Gomulkiewicz and Holt (1995) present a similar analysis in which environmental change reduces the population rate of increase below replacement level.
Largely because of those changes in the south and the west, India's total population should reach replacement levels of fertility (an average of 2.1 children per couple) before 2020.
According to the UN's latest population estimates, fertility is currently below replacement level in over 70 countries, which account for nearly half the world's population.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com