A policy that increased the number of physicians and the physician to population ratios between 1998 and 2008 in all geographic areas of Japan, irrespective of size, did not lead to a more equal geographical distribution of physicians.
The methodology for preparing estimates of the number of cancer survivors for England is described in Maddams et al (2009); age- and sex-specific population ratios between England and the UK were then used to scale these numbers to a UK level.
A considerable unbalance was detected in the physician-to-population ratio between metropolitan areas and the rest of the country, favouring particularly those municipalities in the proximity of a teaching hospital.
As mentioned above, there is an ongoing discussion how to equalize the physician-population ratio between the different districts, and some federal state governments have imposed measures to give incentives to physicians to move to so-called underserviced areas (supply rate <75%).
Five countries below target in 2011 can expect an increase in their refractionist-to-population ratio between 2011 and 2020 (Madagascar, Mali, Senegal, Sierra Leone and South Sudan), but none are expected to reach even a quarter of the HReH target by the year 2020 and none are expected to reach it after 2020 without further intervention.
The differences of doctor-to-population ratios between the poorest north-eastern region and Bangkok rose from 8.6 times in 1986 to 13.8 times in 1996.
For instance, WHO estimates that the TB-specialized physician per population ratio in Nigeria is currently between 1: 160 000 and 1: 400 000 population [ 19].
Countries were classified as improving if their practitioner workforce was proportionally increasing at a faster rate than the general country population (that is, (2020 population – 2011 population)/2011 population) such that their practitioner per million population ratio was expected to increase between 2011 and 2020.
There is indeed a close correspondence between both the population ratio and the predation ratio of partridge to rabbits before and after the RHD outbreak (Fig. 1d).
Our study indicated that the trend in total nursing staff per population ratio after the GEJE was different between the physically damaged areas and those affected by radiation.
