Other variables that are controlled for in the study include total population, population age cohorts, per capita income, per capita alcohol consumption, seat-belt legislation (and seat-belt usage), and a proxy variable that represents underlying changes in medical technology.
Despite more countries facing population decline and rapid population aging, world population continues to increase, likely reaching 8 billion by 2023, 9 billion by 2037 and 10 billion by 2055.
Among other interesting results, we discovered that population aging expedited by population shrinkage greatly affects land consumption.
However, in eastern and western China, the trend is affected significantly by the rate of population aging, the population migration rate, and the agricultural labor scale.
Although there is still some variation between and within countries, at the regional level two major changes have taken place: a reduction in demographic dependency (ratio of people younger than 14 or older than 65 to the working-age population) and population aging (ECLAC 2007).
As a result, we did not consider waning immunity following infection or vaccination, migration into or out of the population, or population aging.
We used direct standardization to quantify the effect on laboratory expenditures from changes in: fee levels; population growth; population aging; treatment prevalence; expenditure on recommended tests for those conditions; and expenditure on other tests.
Whilst Irish drug pricing is substantially higher than our UK counterparts [ 8], the ESRI identifies population growth and population aging as the key drivers of future drug costs [ 2].
In general, the stability of an extremely low birth rate, dramatic population flow, rapidly aging population, and improvement of housing conditions are the main factors behind the changes in Chinese households.
Mukesh Ambani, head of one of the country's principal conglomerates, expressed a common view when he insisted that the 21st century "belongs" to India — though he largely attributes this to demography, contrasting India's young population with the aging populations of the United States, Western Europe, Japan and China.
