Sentence examples for population passage from inspiring English sources

3. Ramon Riley (Passage 1, line 8) would most likely argue that the "prehistoric population" (Passage 2, line 26) was originally located in a. central Siberia.

Here, in order to (a) allow for direct comparison to previous WNV studies assessing mutant spectra sizes [9], and (b) determine if a larger, more diverse population passage enabled further adaptation, we passaged 100 pfu of virus from the entire mosquito.

(Fertility hereafter defined as fecundity, the number of embryos laid during the 24 hours preceding the time of reproduction and population passage, and survivorship until adulthood).

For each treatment (selfed hermaphrodites, outcrossed hermaphrodites, outcrossed females), we analysed the number of embryos and number of adult progeny until the day of usual population passage during experimental evolution (day 4 of the life-cycle), the number of embryos and adult progeny after day 4, and longevity.

We characterised the fertility of hermaphrodites and females when mated with males from the dioecious population, for the 24 hours preceding population passage and after development to maturity since the L1 larval stage in high salt (we did not differentiate the progeny of selfed and outcrossed hermaphrodites; see Methods).

After ten large population passages, the viral populations showed an average increase of fitness, although with wide variations among clones.

This result indicates that few large population passages are sufficient to increase viral fitness of HIV clones that had undergone bottleneck passages.

Fitness of HIV-1 viral clones previously subjected to serial plaque-to-plaque transfers [3] was recovered after ten large population passages (Figure 1).

Few mutations were fixed in each viral clone following large population passages (average of 2 mutations per genome, range 0 to 10) (Table 1).

The present study was designed to investigate the early steps of fitness recovery of ten debilitated HIV-1 clones subjected to only ten serial large population passages.

This represents a rate of accumulation of mutations of 1.5 per passage, a rate 6- to 15-fold higher than estimated for large population passages of FMDV in the absence of R [52], [53] (p< 0.005; χ2 test; calculated from the number of mutations in large populations passages in the absence and presence of R).