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As aptly pointed out by one of the reviewers, systematic reviews are typically inefficient, partly to ensure that the search uncovers the population of studies or as much of the population as possible.
This could be a biased sample of the unknown population of studies that could be reviewed, but it is highly unlikely to be biased in a way that distorts a comparison to crime.
There are several measures of heterogeneity, one of which is the parameter tau-squared ( τ2), defined as the variance of the true effect sizes (the variance of the effect size parameters across the population of studies).
In this way, we aim to comply with the requirement of any meta-analysis to examine the population of studies available in order to avoid systematic biases due to misspecification and publication selection while incorporating the multidimensional nature of empirical research findings (Stanley and Doucouliagos 2012).
First, studies i and j can be seen as randomly drawn from a population of studies.
In the space it is just the average line over the population of studies, in the ROC space it can be interpreted as a kind of median ROC.
The second proxy builds on the premise that a population of studies is more informative when it reflects a diversity of outcomes for tested hypotheses.
Key difficulties with this approach include how to establish the population of studies from which to sample without first identifying all relevant studies.
Meta-analysis typically involves combining the estimates from independent studies in order to estimate a parameter of interest across a population of studies.
Included studies were generally representative of the broader population of studies reported previously, based qualitative comparison of aggregate descriptive characteristics [ 14].
We used a random effects model as we assumed that the included studies are a random sample of the population of studies.
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