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Examining the niches of mainland and island birds, Van Valen proposed that population niche width expansion can occur via increased among-individual variation in foraging, such as he observed in island bird populations that were released from interspecific competition.
In some of these cases, among-individual foraging niche accounted for most of the total population niche width.
Understanding how levels of population organization contribute to population niche width is critical to ecology and evolution.
These differences suggest that the F.t. holarctica subspecies may be more diverse than suggested to date, and also include polymorphisms which may contribute to the overall fitness of FTNF002-00 and clonal success of strains containing its genotype within its defined population niche.
We quantify the degree of specialization by the number of ecotypes n t and the population niche breadth (e.g., [ 50]), calculated as the fraction of nonzero resource affinities in the population: (4) B = ∑ i, k ξ (c ik ) / NR.
The CD describes how far individuals within one population are scattered around the population niche mean.
Similar(52)
Thus, islands wolves, which had wider sub-population niche width, also showed greater among-individual variation.
This allowed us to evaluate whether an area with larger sub-population niche width also showed greater inter-individual variation.
We apply this new approach to stable isotope data from a population of gray wolves from coastal British Columbia, and show support for extensive intra-population niche variability among individuals, social groups, and geographically isolated subpopulations.
Newsome et al. [11] suggested using the products of isotopic linear mixing models (i.e., estimates of proportional contributions of prey) to calculate intra- and inter-population niche variability.
We might speculate that, in recombining populations, niche expanding mutations might be found in the auxiliary genome and their exchange within the population governed by propinquity.
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