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(v) Some SNPs that do not occur reproducibly across populations are in reproducible (invariant) pathways, suggesting that they affect the same biological process, and that population discordance can be partially resolved by evaluating processes rather than genes.
In fact we do find that some SNPs not invariant across populations appear in pathways that are invariant, suggesting that the SNPs, however different, are linked to genes that contribute to the same biological process, and that population discordance of SNPs can be partially resolved by evaluating processes rather than genes.
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In a study involving a similar patient population, a discordance rate of 12% was reported (Tran et al, 2013).
This analysis uses self-reported trauma exposures because a prior study in this population showed discordance between self-report and caregiver report, with caregivers reporting significantly fewer potentially traumatic events.
Based on phylogenetic tree reconstructions seven well supported major haplogroups were detected, which reflect geographic populations and discordance between mitochondrial phylogeny and baboon morphology.
For these simulated gene trees, we calculated the 'number of deep coalescences' (nDC), a measure of gene tree-population tree discordance arising from incomplete lineage sorting [ 91].
Furthermore, post-hoc statistical tests between pairs of populations revealed considerable discordance among different data sets for different dyads.
Using simulated data, we show that the model yields good operating characteristics when the historical and randomized controls are from the same population, and demonstrate how discordance between the control groups affects the operating characteristics.
We evaluated the use of body mass index (BMI) in this population and identified a discordance of BSA and BMI values at extreme weights.
Since all patients in these two trials received statin therapy and more than 80% of study population were male, the discordance in our results may be due to different characteristics between our population and theirs.
In knee OA, population studies support a substantial discordance between radiographic changes and knee pain [ 75].
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