Because HWE generally is expected in human populations, departures from HWE are expected to indicate problems with the data rather than some biological phenomenon.
Four in eight usable markers of the Jinuo population show departure from HWE, which suggests a sign of inbreeding in this 22,000-people ethnic group.
The relative abundance of the two NF-κB alleles differs between populations, and departures from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium within populations indicate that the locus may be under selection.
Exceptions occurred in both Abernathy Creek (Ref. #12) and Canyon Creek (Ref. #9), each with 10 population-specific departures.
Ultimately, sample size, distinct study disease populations, and departures in treatment regimens preclude directly combining data, or pooling analyses, for the sake of meaningful prediction.
At the level of the entire population, all HWE departure tests are significant, indicating a high level of structure.
We found that no population demonstrated significant departure from HWE, and that no pair of loci exhibited significant LD (P < 0.05 after Bonferroni correction).
All groups produced negative values for Tajima's D, also indicating population expansion and departure from the mutation drift equilibrium, although West-central and Southeast Africa failed to produce significant p-values.
Since the progeny is derived from parental rootstock varieties, the genetic basis of the seedlings that comprise the population represents a departure from the well-characterised scion genotypes that were used to identify SNPs for the construction of the IRSC array [ 7].
Moreover, they are more or less sensitive to the level of pedigree knowledge and to some parameters related to breeding conditions, such as the existence of population subdivisions or departure of the random mating hypothesis, which may lead to biased N e estimates.
