For environmental characteristics, we used the surrounding environment and population density variation.
A future study over multiple years would be required to determine if genetic variation was associated with population density variation.
In model 3, surrounding environment and population density variation were added to model 2 to adjust for sociodemographics.
Variations in population density correlate with variations in concentration of signaling molecules.
However, due to the higher population densities, these variations pose no threat for population persistence.
The results were in accordance with the hypothesis because specialized cuckoo egg morphs were more common in suitable hosts with high population density and low variation in population density at the level of host species or genera.
The dichotomous measure of neighbourhood deprivation was developed by the Netherlands Institute of Research in Healthcare (NIVEL) using socioeconomic indicators such as unemployment rate, average income, population density and ethnic variation.
The relationship between the well known 3 5 year cycles in wild rodent population density and the variation in numbers of arctic foxes, is well documented from most parts of the Arctic [ 1, 2] and, as mentioned above, several authors have made the hypothesis that there is a connection between high population densities of arctic foxes and outbreaks of rabies [ 13, 23, 46, 39].
Characteristics of the practices are summarised in Table 3. Practices in the rural and remote LHCCs were generally characterised by low population density, with some variation attributable to population clusters in rural and remote small towns, smaller list sizes and longer travel times to secondary care and administrative centres, compared to urban practices.
Model 1 and model 2 respectively include population density and coefficient of variation (CV) in population density as independent variables.
The geographical trends in gamma-ray dose rate results by Region that might be expected from knowledge of geological variations are obscured by variation in population density.
