Hua et al. (2003), using an iF2 population demonstrated that heterotic effects at the single-locus level, in combination with dominant-by-dominant epistatic interactions, can adequately explain the genetic basis of heterosis in rice.
In this latter study the CF population demonstrated step number and PA at mild and vigorous intensity that was not significantly different to healthy subjects, whereas only activities at moderate intensity were reduced in patients with CF [ 15].
However, as with the single SNP analyses, haplotype analysis showed that the black/African American population demonstrated a distinct pattern of risk at the ISL1 locus.
Previous validation of the Berlin Questionnaire in a surgical patient population demonstrated a sensitivity of 68.9%-87.2% at various apnea-hypopnea index cutoffs [ 28].
Two recent genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of an Asian population demonstrated a novel region containing ETS1 at chromosome 11q23 strongly associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) [ 8, 9].
Those findings in a wild bird population demonstrate that telomere length at the end of the growth period is weakly, but significantly, determined by genetic and/or maternal factors taking place before hatching.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) induced I-wave behavior can be demonstrated at neuronal population level using paired-pulses and by observing short-interval cortical facilitation (SICF).
The homology itself, or which cusp becomes which, is nicely demonstrated at the population level by Jernvall et al. [48], and strongly reinforced via our example from the fossil record.
That macrolide use is the main driver of macrolide resistance in streptococci has been well demonstrated at the population and individual levels (3, 4 ).
Previous studies into phase variable genes of the Helicobacter spp. have indicated that phase variable switching of a gene can be demonstrated at the population level through DNA sequencing.
Although the capacity of these cells to generate posterior neural and paraxial mesoderm derivatives has been demonstrated at the population level, it is unknown whether a single in vitro-derived NMP can give rise to both neural and mesodermal cells.
