For land use and population, buffers of 100, 300, 500, 1,000, and 5,000 m were calculated.
But the Khoisan suffered the least, perhaps because their huge ancestral population was buffered from droughts that winnowed other groups, such as the Yoruba and the African ancestors of Europeans and Asians, because the Khoisan lived farther south in Africa where rainfall actually increased.
On this account, larger populations can buffer against fixation of nonfunctional or deleterious variants [e.g.], [48,49].
These experiments showed that flies with reduced Hsp83 expression from all three populations can buffer deleterious variation much less well.
In addition, variability within and between salmonid populations can buffer them from short-term environmental fluctuations (Hilborn et al. 2003; Reisenbichler et al. 2003).
Supportive breeding and population supplementation buffers against loss of diversity Overall values of Hec and Nac were significantly greater (P = 0.005, 0.028) in wild samples collected after (2004 2010) than prior to (1999 2003) the commencement of the supplementation program as was HR (P = 0.048).
A single severe depression of fitness (r0 = −0.5) is countered by an extreme-value series of beneficial mutations of which the top three are rescue alleles with r > 0. The initial decline of the population is buffered by the increase in frequency of alleles with growth r0 < r < 0, but this effect is slight.
4) Parasite populations are buffered against extinction by low levels of persisting transmission during the dry season, which represents a far more manageable target for targeted intervention than peaks of transmission associated with the rainy season.
Genetic adaptation can improve overall population fitness and "buffer" the unfavorable impact of pathogens (evolutionary rescue) [ 42].
It is possible that other polymorphisms are present in the region of the examined genes in the Jordanian population; this might buffer out or modulate the effect of the studied loci.
