This may be especially true in countries where registration and licensing systems of health care providers are poor, or exclude those outside the public health sector.
Astonishingly, a third of the wealthiest 20% of Indian children are malnourished, too, and they are neither poor nor excluded.
We also need to identify who contracts such loans: are the poorest households included or excluded?
The goal of OBA is often to increase access to and use of key services among the disadvantaged (e.g. poor or socially excluded) by offering them a subsidy to help purchase health services, and preferably by being able to choose a provider from among a number of alternatives [ 9, 11, 12].
The first signs of eutrophication became evident in the mid-1950s, and the eutrophication status in most areas of the Baltic Sea is currently poor or bad, excluding the Gulf of Bothnia, of which subareas are predominantly good or moderate.
The culture of dependency is the result of forcing people from poorer or more excluded backgrounds to live by the decisions of people who have not shared their life experiences, and who have never asked them what they really want.
Steve Reed, the recently elected MP for Croydon North and former leader of Lambeth council, warns: "The culture of dependency is the result of forcing people from poorer or more excluded backgrounds to live by the decisions of people who have not shared their life experiences.
On the other hand, the poorest or socially excluded live in the hills or in areas far away beachfront.
Which do you prefer: a world in which 5 percent of the population accumulates 95 percent of wealth and the rest remain poor and excluded or a world dominated by a vast, growing and politically powerful middle class?
It is often policies – or the lack of them – that determine whether a child is healthy and educated, or poor and excluded.
