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Cytarabine has a poor oral absorption due to its rapid deamination and poor membrane permeability.
However, membrane system has drawbacks such as poor membrane reproducibility, scale-up difficulty and high cost of the membrane supports.
However, these chemically synthesized SAM analogues are not suitable for cell-based studies because of their poor membrane permeability.
However, the contribution of direct diffusion of the substrate to the overall signal is probably low owing to poor membrane permeability of D-luciferin [17].
However, to achieve effective oral delivery of insulin, several barriers like instability, gastrointestinal enzymatic degradation, and poor membrane permeability, etc., should be overcome beforehand [6].
The low bioavailability of DX-9065 was likely caused by both its poor membrane permeability and its electrostatic interaction with anionic bile acids.
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As expected, the poor membrane-permeabilizing activity of RTA3-C15S is matched by very low bacterial cell killing activity unless peptide concentrations are considerably enhanced (Fig. 7C; note the expanded concentration scale on this panel).
To test this hypothesis, we performed WB analysis on sucrose gradient-isolated cholesterol-rich (triton insoluble fraction) and cholesterol-poor membrane fractions (triton soluble fractions) of WT or K346T-expressing cells.
In some cases, an increase in cellular uptake by PEGylation of oligonucleotides with long-chain PEG was reported, but others have shown equal or even poorer membrane permeation.
These data revealed that cells incubated with diacyllipid ODNs had the highest fluorescence intensity (80-fold above untreated cells), while modest labeling was observed for cholesterol-ODN (48×), and single chain C18 lipid gave the poorest membrane insertion (3× above background, Figure 1 b).
It is unclear whether cis-unsaturated fatty acids have different effects on cholesterol-rich and cholesterol-poor membranes, as do the aliphatic alcohols.
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