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The insurance company is pooling risks for everyone's advantage.
This means that, without any arrangements for managing financial risk (such as pooling risks for high cost individuals across a larger population, such as a primary care trust), 68% of practices in England are likely to have actual costs in 2007-8 within 10% of the predicted costs with model 5: therefore, 32% are likely to exceed or undershoot their predicted costs by greater than 10%.
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The reasons include: lack of investments, low public spending and limited inclusive mechanisms for pooling risks and resources.
Separately, we combined the results of studies evaluating short-term and long-term cessation using the Mantel-Haenszel fixed-effect model for pooling risk ratios.
For example, the pooled risk ratio for studies which stretched the postpartum period at risk of dying beyond 42 days is dominated by a single study from Zimbabwe, which recruited women just after delivery and excluded any women with acute life-threatening conditions [21].
In this review, there was no evidence for a difference in the pooled risk ratio for studies conducted when ART was available compared to those where ART was not available; however, this result needs to be interpreted with caution.
We calculated a pooled risk ratio for dichotomous data and mean differences for continuous data with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
It makes more sense to give a bigger role to private reinsurers, which have traditionally pooled the risks borne by insurance companies, just as the insurance companies themselves pool risks for individual clients.
Method of assessment of sodium intake—In nine cohorts that used food frequency questionnaires or dietary recall for the evaluation of habitual sodium intake the pooled risk estimate for stroke was 1.25 (1.03 to 1.51; P=0.02). 10 11 12 14 15 18 19 In five cohorts that used 24 hour urine collection the pooled risk estimate was 1.16 (0.94 to 1.44; P=0.1.44
The pooled risk ratio for diabetes in SMI was 1.70 (1.21 to 2.37).
The pooled risk ratio for hypertension in SMI was 1.11 (0.91 to 1.35).
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