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Folates were administered to substitute the endogenous pool of folate.
MTHFR is a critical enzyme in one-carbon metabolism, redirecting the pool of folate from DNA synthesis/repair to methylation.
Thus, cancer cells would exist in a pseudo folate-deficient or anemia-like state that significantly reduces the availability of folate intermediates in the pool of folate cofactors required for purine and pyrimidine synthesis, thereby ultimately decelerating or inhibiting DNA biosynthesis.
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Thus, the cellular pool of folates affects antifolate activities.
Hence, these four flavin-dependent enzymes play a role in the inter conversion of THF, N-5,10-methylene-THF and N-5-methyl-THF and are thus important to balance the pools of folate metabolites (Fig. 1).
In humans, dietary folic acid is effectively integrated into the pool of active folate metabolites at low levels of intake (∼100 µg folic acid or 170 µg dietary folate equivalents [DFE]/day) [ 39].
So normal activity of this enzyme maintains the pool of circulating folate and methionine and reduces levels of homocysteine [ 20].
Since MTA is an antifolate drug that competes with natual folates, there is a concern that supplements of VB12 and FA may increase the pool of intracellular folates and reduce the efficacy of MTA chemotherapy, even though this phenomenon has not been observed in clinical trial [ 13].
The novel folate cycle observed in C. pecorum may contribute to the occurrence of persistent infections due to the limited pool of reduced folates available to the cell.
The MTHFR enzyme has a central function in regulating the pool of intracellular folates available for nucleic acid synthesis and DNA methylation.
Red blood cells (RBCs) represent a storage pool for folate.
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