Genome wide association studies (GWAS), in which individuals are genotyped for the majority of common single nucleotide polymorphisms and the frequency of particular alleles in cases are compared with controls, have had some utility in the inherited arrhythmias.
Subsequent studies by us revealed association between folate gene polymorphisms and the frequency of binucleated micronucleated lymphocytes (BNMN‰) in blood from MDS and control mothers, providing an easily accessible biomarker (BNMN frequency) that can be measured to link impaired folate metabolism to chromosome malsegregation [ 13, 14].
Analysis of MMP 3 (-1171 5A->6A) polymorphism revealed the frequency of 5A allele in OSMF, HNSCC and controls to be 0.15, 0.13 and 0.07, respectively.
The number of polymorphic DArT markers obtained from Asplenium (444) and Garovaglia (905) is a function of number DArT clones screened in the discovery array step, and the frequency of polymorphism therein.
The number and the frequency of polymorphisms causing loss of or decreased OCT1 function was much lower in Asians than in Caucasians [ 17], suggesting the presence of substantial inter-ethnic variability in genetically determined loss of OCT1 activity.
In C-1019T RsaI polymorphism analysis, the frequencies of c1 and c2 allele were 81.5% and 18.5%, respectively.
We started with large-scale genetic linkage data of gene expression and investigated the frequency of polymorphisms in the genes showing cis-linkage.
These iterations are often laborious, with progress limited by the number of recombinants available (the more, the better), and by the frequency of polymorphisms among the parental lines (the more diverse the parents, the better; see step 2a).
Therefore, the independence between the ADH2 polymorphism and frequency of alcohol consumption was first assessed in a random sample of the German population.
The case-only analysis confirmed the inverse interaction between the ADH2 polymorphism and frequency of alcohol consumption with respect to risk for breast cancer.
