Exact(4)
Approaches to estimate changes in air pollution range from complex modeling systems to a simple pollution target, assuming a pollutant's levels will be at a specified concentration or meet a certain absolute or relative reduction by a given date.
As the crossing velocity increased, the horizontal pollution range remarkably increased and the vertical pollution range decreased, and the saturated soil layer was more obviously influenced by the crossing flow.
Differences in pollution range across studies (Table 1) may have contributed as well.
Human health impacts of air pollution range from short-term effects to chronic diseases, and are primarily related to the cardiovascular and respiratory systems [ 2].
Similar(56)
Murray's requests primarily targeted the EPA, urging draconian staff cuts, gutting a mercury regulation and reversing a bevy of standards on pollution ranging from ozone to toxic coal ash to planet-warming carbon dioxide emissions.
Its pollution ranging from several hundreds to thousands of part per million has been documented in water and soils all around the world [ 11, 12].
In terms of absolute concentrations, in two regions that face severe air pollution problems and are home to about 3 billion people, South Asia and East Asia, the estimated contribution of household cooking to APM2.5 pollution ranged from 7 to 9 μg/m in 2010.
A more recent activity by Public Health England (PHE) has investigated the burden at a more local level in the UK, with mortality rate estimates from long-term PM2.5 pollution ranging from around 2.5 % in some in rural areas of Scotland and Northern Ireland, between 3 and 5 % in Wales, to over 8%% in certain London boroughs (PHE 2014).
In our recent study in Barcelona (Schembari et al. 2013) among 54 pregnant women who carried a personal PM2.5 sampler for 2 days and NOx/NO2 passive badges for 1 week, pregnant women reported time spent at home to be around 60 70% per day, and the correlation between personal exposure and outdoors levels of air pollution ranged from 0.39 for PM2.5 and 0.78 for NOx.
Estimates of the proportion of cancers due to environmental exposures (defined in this article as pollution or contamination) range from <1% to 29% [ 3- 5], and as these exposures are typically considered to be modifiable, reducing or eliminating exposures presents an opportunity to decrease future cancer incidence.
This is notably the case when most monitoring station measurements (for NO2, NO, NOx, CO, PM2.5 and PM10, but not O3) are considered as air pollution metrics (range in point estimates: 20 36 g weight gain per inter-quartile range increase in pollutant concentrations).
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