Consequently, air pollution removal function by urban vegetation should vary because of this spatial heterogeneity.
All other tested factors (sex, smoking and asthma status) showed no or only weak evidence for modification of the air pollution lung function associations (NO2: supplementary table S8).
It also appeared that the significant pollution-removal function of green spaces in Nanjing existed in spring and at some degrees in autumn (Table 2), with edges showing no obvious correlation in either summer or winter (Fig. 6).
A variety of hypothesized pathways have been implicated in human and animal studies, including an effect of air pollution on endothelial function and vascular tone, autonomic function, thrombosis, blood pressure, and oxidative stress.
Children with asthma showed some small but statistically significant associations between peak levels of air pollution and lung function and symptoms, but no other significant differences in lung function or biomarkers of airway inflammation could be identified between healthy students and students with asthma.
Our findings add to the existing literature, suggesting a role of chronic exposure to outdoor air pollution on lung function in adults.
Whereas a large number of studies show negative association between ambient exposure to traffic-related pollution and lung function in children and in adults, few studies found an association between indoor PM and lung function [ 1, 24].
At present, quantitative summaries of the estimated effects of air pollution on lung function are lacking due to large differences among studies regarding study design, exposure assessment methods, air pollutants, lung function measures, and statistical analysis methods (Gotschi et al. 2008).
Therefore, most time series studies of the effects of temperature or air pollution have used functions of time, such as trigonometric functions [ 5], natural splines [ 6- 9] and smoothing functions [ 2, 10- 12] to capture the potential confounding by the unnamed confounders that produce the seasonal pattern.
"Long-term exposure to air pollution suppresses lung function and leads to vulnerability through life.
